Ninth in a series of posts in response to Tim Ford's #EntryLevel Challenge.

Subqueries are queries within a query – one SELECT nested within another. They can take the place of column and table references, helping you to formulate queries that otherwise would be more difficult or less efficient to express using join operations. 

As Columns

Following is an example of a subquery filling a position typically occupied by a column name or expression. The goal of the query is to list the number of products per subcategory.

SELECT ps.name,
    (SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM Production.Product p
    WHERE p.ProductSubcategoryID = ps.ProductSubcategoryID) AS sub_count
FROM production.ProductSubcategory ps

The output looks as  follows:

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